/* ==========================================================================
   Microbe Hunters — Kim Lab (Incheon National University)
   Theme C: INU Signature Modern (Royal Navy #003876, Warm Gold #D97706, Ivory #FAF8F5)
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
  --inu-navy-dark: #00234b;
  --inu-navy: #003876;
  --inu-navy-light: #0a4f9c;
  --inu-gold: #d97706;
  --inu-gold-light: #f59e0b;
  --inu-gold-pale: #fef3c7;
  --bg-ivory: #faf8f5;
  --bg-white: #ffffff;
  --bg-slate-soft: #f1f5f9;
  --text-primary: #0f172a;
  --text-secondary: #334155;
  --text-muted: #64748b;
  --border-light: #e2e8f0;
  --border-gold: rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.35);
  --shadow-sm: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 35, 75, 0.05);
  --shadow-md: 0 10px 25px -5px rgba(0, 35, 75, 0.08), 0 4px 10px -3px rgba(0, 35, 75, 0.04);
  --shadow-lg: 0 20px 35px -8px rgba(0, 35, 75, 0.14);
  --radius-sm: 8px;
  --radius-md: 12px;
  --radius-lg: 18px;
  --font-serif: 'Playfair Display', 'Georgia', 'Noto Serif KR', serif;
  --font-sans: 'Inter', 'Pretendard', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  background-color: var(--bg-ivory);
  color: var(--text-primary);
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

/* Top Utility Bar */
.top-utility-bar {
  background-color: var(--inu-navy-dark);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.container {
  max-width: 1220px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1.5rem;
}

.utility-inner {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.utility-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

.utility-links a:hover {
  color: var(--inu-gold-light);
}

.admin-badge-link {
  background: rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.2);
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.45);
  color: #fde68a !important;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.admin-badge-link:hover {
  background: var(--inu-gold);
  color: #fff !important;
}

/* Header & Navigation */
.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--inu-navy);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.nav-inner {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  height: 78px;
}

.brand-logo {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.9rem;
}

.brand-emblem {
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--inu-gold);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0, 56, 118, 0.18);
  overflow: hidden;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  padding: 2px;
}

.brand-emblem img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
  display: block;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.brand-text-wrap {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.brand-uni {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--inu-navy);
}

.brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.brand-subtitle {
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.main-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

.nav-link {
  padding: 0.55rem 0.95rem;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  position: relative;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.nav-link:hover,
.nav-link.active {
  color: var(--inu-navy);
  background: rgba(0, 56, 118, 0.05);
}

.nav-link.active::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -4px;
  left: 16%;
  right: 16%;
  height: 3px;
  background-color: var(--inu-gold);
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.nav-cta {
  margin-left: 0.5rem;
  background-color: var(--inu-navy);
  color: #ffffff !important;
  padding: 0.55rem 1.15rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--inu-navy);
}

.nav-cta:hover {
  background-color: var(--inu-gold);
  border-color: var(--inu-gold);
}

.mobile-menu-btn {
  display: none;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--inu-navy);
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Hero Banner (Theme C Royal Navy & Warm Gold) */
.hero-section {
  position: relative;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 82% 45%, rgba(10, 79, 156, 0.65) 0%, rgba(0, 56, 118, 0.98) 55%, #001f42 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 5.2rem 0 4.8rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-bottom: 4px solid var(--inu-gold);
}

.hero-bg-pattern {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  opacity: 0.12;
  background-image: radial-gradient(#f59e0b 1.2px, transparent 1.2px), radial-gradient(#ffffff 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 36px 36px;
  background-position: 0 0, 18px 18px;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-grid {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.38fr) minmax(365px, 0.62fr);
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.hero-kicker {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  background: rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.22);
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.55);
  color: #fcd34d;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.9rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
}

.hero-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 3.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.hero-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #e2e8f0;
  margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
}

.hero-quote-box {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.07);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--inu-gold-light);
  padding: 0.85rem 1.15rem;
  border-radius: 0 var(--radius-sm) var(--radius-sm) 0;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  display: inline-block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.hero-quote-text {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(0.78rem, 0.95vw, 0.96rem);
  color: #fef3c7;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.hero-quote-author {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #cbd5e1;
  margin-top: 0.3rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.hero-desc {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86);
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  max-width: 640px;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.9rem;
}

.btn-gold {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--inu-gold-light) 0%, var(--inu-gold) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.82rem 1.65rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.35);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.btn-gold:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.45);
}

.btn-outline-light {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  color: #ffffff;
  border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.82rem 1.55rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.btn-outline-light:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  border-color: #ffffff;
}

/* Hero Emblem Visual */
.hero-visual-wrap {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  width: 100%;
}

.microbe-medallion {
  width: 325px;
  height: 325px;
  border-radius: 28px;
  border: 3px solid var(--inu-gold-light);
  padding: 8px;
  background: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 45px rgba(0, 15, 38, 0.45), 0 0 35px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.28);
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.medallion-logo-img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
  display: block;
  border-radius: 20px;
}

.hero-stats-strip {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(82px, 1fr));
  gap: 0.5rem;
  width: 100%;
}

.stat-pill {
  background: rgba(0, 24, 53, 0.72);
  border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.35);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: 0.65rem 0.35rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.stat-num {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--inu-gold-light);
  line-height: 1.1;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.stat-label {
  font-size: 0.67rem;
  color: #cbd5e1;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  margin-top: 0.22rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Section Layout & Headers */
.section-block {
  padding: 4.5rem 0;
}

.section-block.bg-white {
  background-color: var(--bg-white);
}

.section-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-end;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-light);
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

.section-kicker {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: var(--inu-gold);
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.section-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  color: var(--inu-navy-dark);
  font-weight: 700;
  position: relative;
}

.section-subtitle {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

/* Language Toggle Pill for Research Section */
.lang-toggle-group {
  display: inline-flex;
  background: var(--bg-slate-soft);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--inu-navy);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 3px;
}

.lang-btn {
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
  padding: 0.42rem 1.05rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--inu-navy);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.lang-btn.active {
  background: var(--inu-navy);
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 56, 118, 0.25);
}

/* Research 4 Pillars Grid — Symmetric 2-Column Alignment & 1-Column Wide Option */
.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 1.85rem;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.research-grid.wide-mode {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
}

.research-card {
  background: var(--bg-white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  border-top: 5px solid var(--inu-navy);
  padding: 1.85rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  height: 100%;
}

.research-card-body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  flex: 1;
}

.research-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  border-top-color: var(--inu-gold);
}

.research-card-top {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.research-code {
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--inu-gold);
  background: var(--inu-gold-pale);
  padding: 0.25rem 0.72rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.research-icon-circle {
  width: 46px;
  height: 46px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: rgba(0, 56, 118, 0.08);
  color: var(--inu-navy);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.research-card h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--inu-navy-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.research-ga-frame {
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--border-light);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: #ffffff;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.research-ga-header {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 56, 118, 0.07) 0%, rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.08) 100%);
  padding: 0.45rem 0.9rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--inu-navy);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Uniform 365px height in 2-column mode so Left & Right cards align pixel-for-pixel */
.research-ga-img-wrap {
  width: 100%;
  height: 365px;
  background: #ffffff;
  padding: 0.45rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-grid.wide-mode .research-ga-img-wrap {
  height: auto;
  padding: 0.75rem;
}

.research-ga-img-wrap img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
  display: block;
  border-radius: 6px;
  cursor: zoom-in;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.research-grid.wide-mode .research-ga-img-wrap img {
  height: auto;
  max-width: 960px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.research-ga-img-wrap img:hover {
  transform: scale(1.015);
}

.research-ga-placeholder {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 1.35rem 1rem;
  text-align: center;
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #faf8f5, #faf8f5 10px, #f8fafc 10px, #f8fafc 20px);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

/* Uniform summary height in 2-column mode so 'OUR LAB FOCUSES ON' boxes align horizontally */
.research-summary {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  line-height: 1.62;
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
  min-height: 9.7rem;
}

.research-grid.wide-mode .research-summary {
  min-height: 0;
}

/* Focus list stretches to fill remaining card space so bottom borders & keyword rows align */
.focus-list {
  list-style: none;
  background: var(--bg-ivory);
  padding: 1rem 1.15rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--inu-gold);
  margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
  flex-grow: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}

.focus-list-title {
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--inu-navy);
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.focus-list ul {
  list-style: none;
}

.focus-list li {
  font-size: 0.87rem;
  line-height: 1.48;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  padding: 0.22rem 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}

.focus-list li::before {
  content: '▸';
  color: var(--inu-gold);
  font-weight: bold;
}

.keyword-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.keyword-tag {
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  background: var(--bg-slate-soft);
  color: var(--inu-navy);
  padding: 0.22rem 0.62rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Home Overview 2-Column Split (News + Featured Publications) */
.home-split-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.15fr;
  gap: 2.25rem;
  margin-top: 3rem;
}

.panel-card {
  background: var(--bg-white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--inu-navy);
  padding: 1.75rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.panel-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.panel-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.32rem;
  color: var(--inu-navy-dark);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.text-link-gold {
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--inu-gold);
  cursor: pointer;
  white-space: nowrap;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.text-link-gold:hover {
  color: var(--inu-navy);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.compact-item {
  padding: 0.9rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.compact-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.compact-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.badge-pill {
  background: rgba(0, 56, 118, 0.09);
  color: var(--inu-navy);
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.12rem 0.55rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.badge-pill.gold {
  background: var(--inu-gold-pale);
  color: #b45309;
}

.compact-title {
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

.compact-title a:hover {
  color: var(--inu-navy-light);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.compact-sub {
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Projects & Grants Cards */
.projects-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(340px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.project-card {
  background: var(--bg-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  border-left: 5px solid var(--inu-gold);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: 1.4rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.project-top {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
}

.status-tag {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 0.18rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #dcfce7;
  color: #166534;
}

.status-tag.completed {
  background: var(--bg-slate-soft);
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Members Section (PI + Researchers + Alumni Table) */
.pi-showcase-card {
  background: var(--bg-white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  border-top: 5px solid var(--inu-navy);
  padding: 2.25rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.pi-header-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 220px 1fr;
  gap: 2.25rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.pi-avatar-box {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--inu-navy) 0%, var(--inu-navy-dark) 100%);
  border: 3px solid var(--inu-gold);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  height: 250px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #ffffff;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 1rem;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.pi-avatar-box img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.pi-initials {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 3rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--inu-gold-light);
}

.pi-timeline-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 1.75rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.timeline-list {
  list-style: none;
}

.timeline-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.15rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.timeline-list li::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.5rem;
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--inu-gold);
}

.timeline-period {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--inu-navy);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  display: block;
}

.members-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.member-card {
  background: var(--bg-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--inu-navy);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.65rem;
}

.member-role-badge {
  align-self: flex-start;
  background: var(--inu-gold-pale);
  color: #92400e;
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
}

/* Alumni Table */
.alumni-table-wrap {
  background: var(--bg-white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  overflow-x: auto;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.alumni-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.alumni-table th {
  background: var(--inu-navy);
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 0.9rem 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.alumni-table td {
  padding: 0.85rem 1.2rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.alumni-table tr:hover td {
  background: var(--bg-ivory);
}

/* Publications Filter Bar & Cards */
.filter-bar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  background: var(--bg-white);
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.filter-pills {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}

.filter-pill {
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  background: var(--bg-ivory);
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  padding: 0.38rem 0.9rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.filter-pill.active,
.filter-pill:hover {
  background: var(--inu-navy);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--inu-navy);
}

.search-input {
  padding: 0.48rem 0.95rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  min-width: 240px;
}

.pub-item-card {
  background: var(--bg-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--inu-navy);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: transform 0.15s ease;
}

.pub-item-card.featured {
  border-left: 5px solid var(--inu-gold);
  background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(254, 243, 199, 0.25), #ffffff 35%);
}

.pub-item-card:hover {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

.pub-title {
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  color: var(--inu-navy-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.pub-journal {
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--inu-gold);
}

.pub-link-btn {
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.95rem;
  background: var(--bg-slate-soft);
  color: var(--inu-navy);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.pub-link-btn:hover {
  background: var(--inu-navy);
  color: #ffffff;
}

/* Gallery Grid */
.gallery-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(275px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.gallery-card {
  background: var(--bg-white);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}

.gallery-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.gallery-img-wrap {
  height: 200px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--inu-navy-dark);
  position: relative;
}

.gallery-img-wrap img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.35s ease;
}

.gallery-card:hover .gallery-img-wrap img {
  transform: scale(1.06);
}

.gallery-body {
  padding: 1.15rem;
}

/* Lightbox Modal */
.lightbox-backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0, 20, 45, 0.88);
  z-index: 2000;
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 2rem;
}

.lightbox-backdrop.open {
  display: flex;
}

.lightbox-content {
  background: #ffffff;
  max-width: 820px;
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.lightbox-content img {
  width: 100%;
  max-height: 520px;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: #0f172a;
}

/* Footer */
.site-footer {
  background: var(--inu-navy-dark);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  padding: 3.5rem 0 2.5rem;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--inu-gold);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 0.8fr 0.8fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2.25rem;
}

.footer-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.footer-links {
  list-style: none;
}

.footer-links li {
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
}

.footer-links a:hover {
  color: var(--inu-gold-light);
}

.footer-bottom {
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}

@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .hero-grid,
  .research-grid,
  .home-split-grid,
  .pi-header-grid,
  .pi-timeline-grid,
  .footer-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .hero-quote-text {
    white-space: normal;
  }
  .research-ga-img-wrap {
    height: auto;
  }
  .research-summary {
    min-height: 0;
  }
  .keyword-tags {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  .main-nav {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 78px;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    background: #ffffff;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 1rem;
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--inu-navy);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  }
  .main-nav.open {
    display: flex;
  }
  .mobile-menu-btn {
    display: block;
  }
  .hero-title {
    font-size: 2.3rem;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
    Dedicated Smartphone / Mobile Optimization (<= 768px ONLY)
   Desktop (> 768px) layout remains 100% untouched.
   ========================================================================== */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  html,
  body {
    overflow-x: hidden;
    max-width: 100vw;
  }

  .container {
    padding: 0 1.1rem;
  }

  /* 1. Compact Mobile Top Utility Bar */
  .top-utility-bar {
    padding: 0.35rem 0;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
  }

  .utility-inner > div:first-child {
    display: none;
  }

  .utility-links {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
  }

  .utility-links a {
    white-space: nowrap;
  }

  /* 2. Mobile Header & Drawer Menu */
  .nav-inner {
    height: 66px;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }

  .brand-logo {
    gap: 0.65rem;
    min-width: 0;
    flex: 1;
  }

  .brand-emblem {
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    border-radius: 10px;
  }

  .brand-text-wrap {
    min-width: 0;
  }

  .brand-uni {
    font-size: 0.62rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  }

  .brand-title {
    font-size: 1.08rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
  }

  .brand-subtitle {
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
  }

  .mobile-menu-btn {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: var(--bg-slate-soft);
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }

  .main-nav {
    top: 66px;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0.25rem;
    padding: 0.85rem 1.1rem 1.1rem;
  }

  .main-nav .nav-link,
  .main-nav .nav-cta {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: left;
    padding: 0.72rem 1rem;
    margin-left: 0;
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }

  .nav-link.active::after {
    display: none;
  }

  /* 3. Mobile Hero Section & 2x2 Metrics Grid */
  .hero-section {
    padding: 2.4rem 0 2.8rem;
  }

  .hero-grid {
    gap: 1.6rem;
  }

  .hero-kicker {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    padding: 0.28rem 0.75rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  }

  .hero-title {
    font-size: 1.82rem;
    line-height: 1.22;
  }

  .hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.05rem;
  }

  .hero-quote-box {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.75rem 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
  }

  .hero-quote-text {
    white-space: normal !important;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    line-height: 1.52;
  }

  .hero-desc {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 1.35rem;
  }

  .hero-actions {
    flex-direction: column;
    width: 100%;
    gap: 0.6rem;
  }

  .hero-actions .btn-gold,
  .hero-actions .btn-outline-light {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0.78rem 1rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }

  .microbe-medallion {
    width: 235px;
    height: 235px;
    border-radius: 22px;
    padding: 6px;
    margin: 0.25rem auto 0;
  }

  .hero-stats-strip {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 0.6rem;
    margin-top: 1.2rem;
  }

  .stat-pill {
    padding: 0.75rem 0.5rem;
  }

  .stat-num {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
  }

  .stat-label {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
  }

  /* 4. Mobile Section Blocks & Home Panels */
  .section-block {
    padding: 2.6rem 0;
  }

  .section-header {
    margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.85rem;
  }

  .section-title {
    font-size: 1.62rem;
  }

  .section-subtitle {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
  }

  .panel-card {
    padding: 1.25rem 1.1rem;
  }

  .panel-header {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.4rem;
  }

  .panel-title {
    font-size: 1.16rem;
    white-space: normal;
  }

  .text-link-gold {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
  }

  .compact-meta {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.35rem;
  }

  /* 5. Mobile Research Areas & Projects */
  .layout-switcher-desktop-only {
    display: none !important;
  }

  .research-card {
    padding: 1.3rem 1.1rem;
  }

  .research-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.28rem;
  }

  .research-ga-header {
    font-size: 0.66rem;
    padding: 0.4rem 0.65rem;
    white-space: normal;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .research-ga-img-wrap {
    height: auto !important;
    padding: 0.35rem;
  }

  .research-ga-img-wrap img {
    height: auto !important;
    max-height: 310px;
    width: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
  }

  .research-summary {
    min-height: 0 !important;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }

  .focus-list {
    padding: 0.85rem 0.95rem;
  }

  .projects-list {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .project-card {
    padding: 1.15rem;
  }

  /* 6. Mobile Members & PI Profile */
  .pi-showcase-card {
    padding: 1.35rem 1.1rem;
  }

  .pi-header-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.25rem;
  }

  .pi-avatar-box {
    width: 165px;
    height: 190px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }

  .pi-timeline-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.25rem;
  }

  .members-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .alumni-table th,
  .alumni-table td {
    padding: 0.65rem 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
  }

  /* 7. Mobile Publications & Filter Bar */
  .filter-bar {
    padding: 0.85rem;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }

  .filter-pills {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
    padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  }

  .filter-pill {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    padding: 0.38rem 0.8rem;
  }

  .search-input {
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
  }

  .pub-item-card {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    padding: 1.1rem;
    gap: 0.85rem;
  }

  .pub-link-btn {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    display: block;
    padding: 0.55rem;
  }

  /* 8. Mobile Gallery, Lightbox & Footer */
  .gallery-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .lightbox-backdrop {
    padding: 0.75rem;
  }

  .lightbox-content img {
    max-height: 62vh;
  }

  .site-footer {
    padding: 2.5rem 0 1.8rem;
  }

  .footer-grid {
    gap: 1.6rem;
  }
}